foods to avoid when pregnant first trimester pdf

PRENATAL NUTRITION

The United States Department of Agriculture has made it easier to plan for pregnancy by creating a meal. This web site helps everyone from dieters and children to pregnant women learn how to make healthy food choices at every meal time.

With MyPlate, you can get a personal nutrition and physical activity plan using the "SuperTracker" program. The program is based on the five food groups and show you the amount you need to eat each day from each group during each trimester of pregnancy. The amount is calculated according to your height, weight before pregnancy, due date, and how much you exercise during the week. The amount of food given in standard sizes that most people are familiar with, such as cups and ounces.

Although they are not a group of foods, oils and fats that provide essential nutrients. During pregnancy, the fat you eat gives a lot of energy fetal organs and help build and placenta. Most of the fats and oils in your diet should come from plant sources. Limit solid fats, such as those from animal sources. Solid fats can also be found in processed foods.

Vitamins and minerals play an important role in all functions of your body. During pregnancy, you need more folic acid and iron from a woman who is not pregnant.

Taking a prenatal vitamin supplement to ensure that you get this extra amount. A well-rounded diet should provide all the vitamins and minerals you need during pregnancy.

Folic acid, also known as folate, is a B vitamin that is essential for pregnant women. Before pregnancy and during pregnancy, you need 400 micrograms of folic acid daily to help prevent major birth defects of the fetal brain and spine called neural tube defects. The current dietary guidelines recommend that pregnant women get at least 600 micrograms of folic acid every day from all sources. It may be difficult to get the recommended amount of folic acid from food alone. For this reason, all pregnant women and all women who may become pregnant should take a daily vitamin supplement that contains folic acid.

Iron is used by your body to make a substance in red blood cells that carry oxygen to organs and tissues. During pregnancy, you need extra iron-about double the amount that needs non-pregnant women. This extra iron helps your body make more blood to supply oxygen to your fetus. The recommended daily dose of iron during pregnancy is 27 mg, which is found in most prenatal vitamin supplement. You can also eat iron-rich foods, including lean red meat, poultry, fish, dry beans and peas, iron-fortified cereals, and prune juice. Iron also can be absorbed more easily if the iron-rich foods that are eaten with vitamin C-rich foods, such as citrus fruits and tomatoes.

Calcium is used to build your baby's bones and teeth. All women, including pregnant women, aged 19 years and older should get 1,000 mg of calcium daily; those aged 14-18 years should get 1,300 mg per day. Milk and other dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt, are the best sources of calcium. If you have trouble digesting dairy products, you can get calcium from other sources, such as broccoli; Dark, leafy greens; sardines; or a calcium supplement.

Vitamin D works with calcium to help bones and teeth of developing fetuses. It is also very important for healthy skin and eyesight. All women, including those who are pregnant, need 600 international units of vitamin D a day. Good sources are milk fortified with vitamin D and fatty fish such as salmon. Exposure to sunlight also change the chemical in the skin into vitamin D.

The number of the recommended weight gain depends on your health and your body mass index before you get pregnant. If you are a normal weight before pregnancy, you should gain between 25 pounds and 35 pounds during pregnancy. If you are underweight before pregnancy, you should gain more weight than women who are normal weight before pregnancy. If you are overweight or obese before pregnancy, you should gain less weight.

Overweight and obese women at increased risk of some pregnancy problems. These problems include gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and cesarean delivery. Babies of overweight and obese women are also at greater risk of certain problems, such as birth defects, macrosomia with possible birth injury, and obesity.

Although there are many studies on whether caffeine increases the riskmiscarriage, the results are not clear. Most experts claim that consume less than 200 mg of caffeine (one 12-ounce cups of coffee) a day during pregnancy is safe.

Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of fat found naturally in many types of fish. They may be an important factor in fetal brain development before and after birth. To get the most benefit from omega-3 fatty acid, women should eat at least two servings of fish or shellfish (about 8-12 ounces) per week before pregnancy, during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Some fish have higher levels of mercury metal called than others. Mercury has been linked to birth defects. To limit exposure to mercury, follow some simple guidelines. Choose fish and shellfish such as shrimp, salmon, catfish, and pollock. Do not eat shark, swordfish, king mackerel, marine, orange roughy, or tilefish. Limit white (albacore) tuna to 6 ounces a week. You should also check the advice on fish caught in local waters.

Food poisoning in pregnant women can cause serious problems for herself and her fetus. Vomiting and diarrhea can cause your body loses too much water and can interfere with your body's chemical balance. To prevent food poisoning, following the general guidelines:

Listeriosis is a type of food-borne illness caused by bacteria. Pregnant women are 13 times more likely to get listeriosis than the general population. Listeriosis can cause mild, flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and diarrhea, but also may not cause any symptoms. Listeriosis can cause miscarriage, stillbirth and premature birth. Antibiotics may be given to treat the infection and protect your fetus. To help prevent listeriosis, avoid eating the following foods during pregnancy:

Antibiotics: Drugs that treat a certain type of infection

Body Mass Index :. A number calculated from height and weight that is used to determine whether a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese

fault: .. Delivery of a baby through a surgical incision is made in the woman's abdomen and uterus

fetus:. stage of prenatal development that started 8 weeks after conception and lasts until the end of pregnancy

Gestational Diabetes: Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.

Macrosomia: A condition in which the fetus is estimated to weigh between 9 pounds and 10 pounds.

Miscarriage: Losing a pregnancy that occurs before 20 weeks of gestation

Neural Tube Defects :. Birth defects are the result of incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord, or cover them.

Nutrition :. Nourishing substances supplied through food, such as vitamins and minerals

Placenta :. Tissue that provides nourishment to and takes waste from the fetus

preeclampsia: a disorder that can occur during pregnancy or after childbirth in which there is high blood pressure and other signs of injury of organs, such as the abnormal amount of protein in the urine, low number of platelets, abnormal kidney or liver function, pain on the upper abdomen, fluid in the lungs, or headaches or severe changes in vision

premature: .. born before 37 weeks of gestation

Trimester: one of the three 3- month period in which pregnancy is divided

FAQ001 :. Designed as an aid to patients, the document sets forth information and opinion at this time related to women's health. The information does not specify an exclusive course of treatment or procedure to be followed and should not be construed as excluding other acceptable methods of practice. Variations, taking into account each patient's needs, resources, and limitations unique to the institution or type of exercise, may be appropriate.

Copyright February 2018 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

FAQs related

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 409 12th Street SW, Washington, DC 20024-2188 Mailing Address: PO Box 96920, Washington, DC 20024-9998

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