Pregnancy Cravings Explained: Why You're Hungry For Comfort Foods ...Understanding the world as it truly-random-can liberate and empower us.
Understanding the world as it truly-random-can liberate and empower us.
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Posted June 11, 2013
Not a week goes by that you do not hear about other pregnant celebrities and their cravings. Whether it's pickles, avocado, or waffles, celebrities desire a normal odd or even number is sure to make the headlines. But what do we really know about what and why pregnant women crave?
Of course, pregnant women are not immune to the general desire. So cravings that people have all the time will continue to occur during pregnancy. If certain foods, drugs, or behaviors of concern prior to pregnancy, chances are good that women will continue to crave it during pregnancy. Sometimes this is very dangerous, as in the case of some drugs like or alcohol, in which the substance may be toxic to the pregnancy. And sometimes it was quite tame, like a certain flavor of Ben & Jerry's ice cream.
Often the maternal instinct is stronger than desire, and even a mother may remain abstinent from alcohol during pregnancy. At other times, the urge is too excessive. With addictive behaviors and desires (such as gambling) are often urged to intensify during pregnancy. And can be especially problematic during pregnancy, due to the rapid changes in the body of a mother can be very difficult emotionally, and can lead to all sorts of negative thoughts and emotions that surround and. This can often lead to a worsening or self-destructive behaviors during pregnancy.
In general, these desires can be addressed like any other. Does the desire persists at the same level during pregnancy, or intensify, or related behavior is the same but of greater consequence because of pregnancy, the basic recommendations in this book to manage cravings normally be used. There are exceptions: Some drugs used to manage cravings may not be safe in pregnancy. So it's important to check with your doctor about these medications if you think you may be pregnant.
There is, however, that pregnancy cravings class all its own. It is strange cravings or even really strange that seems to only occur during pregnancy. They may be for foods that pregnant women do not even enjoyed before becoming pregnant. They appear during pregnancy (usually in the first trimester, peaking in the second trimester) and generally leave before birth. They seem unexpected, and may even be different from the first pregnancy to the next. (While nausea and aversion food tends to occur at the same time, quite unexpected cravings.) What is causing this strange pregnancy cravings?
There are cultural factors play well. For example, women in different cultures clearly crave food based on what the available regional and cultural. A more than 200 pregnant women in Tanzania found that cravings are most common among women who crave are meat (23.3%), mango (22.7%), yogurt (20.0%) orange (20.0%), plantains (15.3%) and soft drinks (13.3%). This is the rate among addicts, but 60-90% of pregnant women will experience cravings during pregnancy, depending on which study you read. So this clearly influenced culture, because obviously 23% of pregnant American women do not crave mango. In fact, in the United States is for dairy products and sweet foods, including chocolate, fruit, and juice. Less commonly, pregnant women will crave savory or salty foods such as pickles or pizza.
There are a number of hypotheses about how specific to pregnancy cravings occur. Many of these explanations are hormone-based, which makes sense because some significant shifts during pregnancy. Leptin is a hormone that your fat cells secrete, and functions to reduce and stimulate metabolism. On the other hand, a substance called Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most potent appetite stimulant. It is a substance produced in the hypothalamus and sent to different areas of your brain to increase your appetite. For example, research shows that if you inject these substances into certain parts of the rat brain can dramatically increase their appetite. More recently, it has been suggested that the synthesis of NPY increases during pregnancy, and may be responsible for some of the increased appetite seen in pregnancy, Other hormones such as ghrelin have been suggested as being involved, but while this may be related to hormonal changes in pregnancy appetite, nobody has been able to use them to adequately explain certain food cravings in pregnancy. Also, a lot of this data comes from animal studies, and mice may have a different taste preferences of humans,
There is one exception to the above (though that does not love peanut butter and cheese?): Diabetes in pregnancy. Some women will develop a condition called gestational diabetes, in which they will develop special types of glucose intolerance in pregnancy. Research indicates that women will crave sweets at a very high level, especially during the second trimester. More than half of women with gestational diabetes will crave this type of candy, and this desire tends to resolve by the time they give.
Pregnancy is associated with abnormal odor and taste perception, phantom smells, and special aversion food too. I believe that some (but perhaps not even most) cravings of pregnancy may be associated with a desire to "cancel" out these unwanted reluctance (phantom smell bitter taste or flavor can be neutralized by ice cream, for example). This idea was supported by a showing that salt sensitivity decreases during pregnancy and bitter sensitivity increases.
Perhaps the most interesting hypotheses about why women have an unusual craving during pregnancy raised by controversial researcher Michael Persinger. He was in 2001 that one of the reasons for this strange cravings may be due to the physical nature of the area of the brain called the insular cortex. The insula is a region of the cerebral cortex that is in the fold called the lateral sulcus separates the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. Thus, although the cortical (ie outside the brain), it is not really very visible because of depth in the fold. It is often called the "fifth lobe" of the brain. You can see it more clearly in the cross section.
This part of the brain rather mysterious, but the particular tastes may be represented in the insula. (We know this because of the elimination of the insula and the stimulation of the insula appears to have the effect of taste.) Persinger reviewed evidence indicating that the uterus is also represented in the insular cortex, and that a gradual shift in the uterus during pregnancy causes changes in representation in the insula. (You may have heard that people who practice the violin had improved representation of their fingers in the brain, this would be the same phenomenon ..) So a gradual shift and enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy results in the representation of the uterus in the insula encroaching upon the representation of taste in the insula , Of course this is a very interesting hypothesis, and even a reasonable one, but we do not know if it was true.
The bottom line is that, although we have some interesting ideas for what might cause certain cravings during pregnancy, we do not really know. Further research is needed. So for now, when you hear about a model or actress who is craving Greek olives and Mike & Ikes during pregnancy, just chalk it up to one of the mysteries of nature.
This post originally appeared as a special supplement to the Manejwala Omar, MD
Sincerely,
I read the part about the influence of culture with specific interests.
Knowing that people in the United States ate mostly meat per capita in the world, while people in Tanzania eat less, could explain the difference in cravings. B12 is plentiful in meat and important for the development of the brain and blood, so it makes sense to crave it if the specific nutritional needs are not met through diet products each. The same principle, just the opposite could explain the American desire for fruits and fruit juices; The average American does not eat recommended "five a day", so the desire of fruit and fruit juice can be a way to compensate for the lack of nutrients in the food.
The same thing can be said about the milk products know that people in countries that are mostly of European descent who, because light skin them, need more sunlight to produce necessary vitamin D for calcium absorption. There is a good vitamin D and calcium in dairy products, which many women in the United States less through their pregnancy.
I do not know anything about diet Tanzania, but "sun wise" I assume there is no problem, and thus there is no vitamin D deficiency, however, they also want food that is rich in calcium, such as yogurt ... The lack of meat could explain the physiological cravings in a way, because they have more limited access to this than people in these countries and thus, more for example B12 deficiency.
It will be interesting to see migration studies and cravings. One woman could be as dark if their desire for calcium and vitamin D-rich foods increases and comparing this to the people who live in the more southern latitudes.
Thanks for an interesting article, anyway.
The Best, Hans-Ragnar
Is never even considered possible that cravings can be, in some way, influenced, through biological processes with embryonic brain development in the womb? It may seem very unlikely, but you never know, do you ...?
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Omar Manejwala, MD is a psychiatrist addiction, chief medical officer of Catasys, and author of Craving: Why We Can not get enough (Hazelden Publishing 2013)
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