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gastrointestinal (GI) problems are some of the most common complaints during pregnancy. Some women may experience GI problems that develop after pregnancy. gastrointestinal problems affecting the digestive tract, particularly the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum, but it can also affect other organs of digestion, including the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Some women may have chronic GI disorders before pregnancy can worsen and require special consideration during pregnancy.
Some women experience gastrointestinal problems are most common during pregnancy are nausea and vomiting, hyperemesis gravidarum, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gallstones, diarrhea, and constipation. Some women may have been diagnosed before pregnancy with GI disorders such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. It is also possible to have an underlying condition, but they have been diagnosed until pregnancy makes them more clearly.
Since there are a variety of gastrointestinal problems, symptoms vary. Some of the most common gastrointestinal problems and their symptoms include the following.
Nausea occurred in 91 percent of pregnant women in the first trimester, usually within 6 to 8 weeks, and often accompanied by vomiting. In mild cases, it is referred to as morning sickness. However, it can be severe and require treatment to manage.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by uncontrollable and severe nausea and vomiting leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Hyperemesis gravidarum symptoms can include:
Hyperemesis gravidarum occurs early in the first trimester of pregnancy, usually around week 4 to 10. Symptoms usually resolve by weeks 18 to 20. However, if the symptoms are severe, call your doctor. Many symptoms can affect pregnancy hyperemesis gravidarum and health, and may require treatment.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in pregnancy, usually during the first or second trimester. It affects the lower esophageal sphincter, the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, and cause heartburn or acid indigestion. Symptoms can include :.
While GERD does not often severe disturbances and can be managed through lifestyle modification, if you experienced during your first pregnancy, often repeated in subsequent pregnancies
Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gallstone formation. The risk of developing gallstones is highest on the second or third trimester and during the postpartum period. Gallstones occur when substances in the bile, which is released into the intestine to help digestion, become too concentrated and formed the hard rock. Gallstones alone can cause no signs or symptoms. However, if they become lodged in the bile duct or cause blockages, they can cause obvious symptoms, which include:
Gallstones can cause serious complications. Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms:
Diarrhea is a common condition during pregnancy that causes loss or watery stools. It is most commonly caused by a virus or bacteria, but can also be caused by certain drugs. Symptoms associated with diarrhea can include:
While diarrhea is a common and usually not serious, you should call your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms along with diarrhea:
It can be a sign of a more serious condition. If you have diarrhea, make sure you stay hydrated. Diarrhea can cause dehydration, which can lead to other health complications.
Constipation is having infrequent bowel movements, difficulty having a bowel movement, or have difficult to pass a bowel movement. It is generally described as having fewer than three bowel movements a week. As your baby grows, pressure from the enlarging uterus on the rectum and lower part of the bowel can cause constipation. This may be exacerbated by high levels of progesterone, which can slow muscle contractions in the intestines. Some symptoms constipation include:
While constipation is common and usually not serious, you should contact your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:
Constipation can also cause hemorrhoids - swollen veins in or around the anus. Trying to defecate or passing hard stool can cause the veins to swell. However, the pregnancy itself can cause hemorrhoids to develop, as the baby grows can put pressure on the lower rectum. Symptoms of hemorrhoids include:
There are several types of colitis, a condition that causes inflammation of the intestine. Various types include:
The symptoms can vary depending on the type. However, some common symptoms of colitis include:
IBS affects the large intestine and cause the intestinal muscles to contract more often than usual. Symptoms of IBS may include:
This condition is often diagnosed before pregnancy and may worsen during pregnancy. They can cause difficulties in becoming pregnant or causing complications during pregnancy. Talk with your doctor if you have these conditions and are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant. They can help you take steps and considerations to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
While many gastrointestinal problems are very common, you may not experience any before pregnancy. Because they vary, the causes can vary as well. Some common causes or risk factors of gastrointestinal conditions during pregnancy can include:
gastrointestinal problems are common during pregnancy and, for the most part, do not cause serious health risks. However, if you experience any symptoms, you should inform your doctor. He will be able to help you manage your symptoms, your monitor for worsening symptoms and determine whether additional treatment is required. different gastrointestinal problems that responds to different treatments, so your doctor will be able to suggest the best option for you.
Make changes at home can also help you manage your symptoms. Some of these changes include:
Eat a healthy diet: Change what, how often, and how much you eat can help manage or relieve your GI symptoms. Depending on your problem, you may need to increase the amount of fiber in your diet, avoid sugar, processed foods, or limit the amount of caffeine and dairy in your diet. Ask to speak with a registered dietitian to determine individualized healthy eating plan that will most benefit you
Drink plenty of fluids. Increase the amount of fluid you take in, including water, fruit juices and clear soups. Getting plenty of fluids can help digestion and keep your digestive tract moving regularly. certain GI problems can also cause you to become dehydrated, so take in fluids is very important to avoid additional health problems causing dehydration
Exercise :. Regular exercise increases blood circulation and bring more oxygen to the organs, including the stomach, to help them move efficiently and smoothly. Aim for at least two and a half hours a week of moderate exercise or 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week. Talk with your doctor to find the best exercises to be safe and appropriate for you
Drug :. If your GI symptoms are severe, persistent, or arranged with lifestyle modification, the doctor may prescribe medication, which may include antacids, digestive enzymes, antidiarrheals, GI stimulant, and antiemetics, inter alia. Your doctor will prescribe the safest drug on the most appropriate dose.
Even if you only experience mild symptoms of digestive problems, it is important to tell your doctor. He can recommend the best method to manage the symptoms and then be able to monitor you during your pregnancy to worsening of symptoms.
If the symptoms are severe, it becomes severe and persistent or prolonged, contact your doctor right away. You should call your doctor and seek medical care immediately if you experience:
Lifespan, a health system first Rhode Island, is a fully integrated health system academic Comprehensive affiliated with The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
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